Hedgehog Librarian

Tales of a Prickly, Nocturnal Infodiva

Women’s Labor – COVID Bibliography

This is a draft bibliography capturing news stories around COVID-19 that acknowledge or glorify the extra labor expected of women during shut down — whether that is taking on childcare and homeschooling, making masks, additional home responsibilities, affective labor in the academy, etc. Right now it’s a broad sweep; it is our hope to add more specific categories over time.

Bibliography maintenance and the ongoing content analysis project is a collaboration of Abigail Goben and Nell Haynes. If you would like to recommend a news story, please share it to @hedgielib on Twitter or Instagram or to agoben@uic.edu. Requests for the RIS file may also be made to agoben@uic.edu. Reuse for educational and other non-profit purposes is encouraged with appropriate citation. We are happy to discuss co-supervision of student projects.

Recommended citation:
Goben A, Haynes N. Women’s Labor and COVID-19 Bibliography. HedgehogLibrarian.com Date Created: May 4, 2020. Date Updated: [See Below for Most Recent Date].

Most recent update here was 2021-01-18

Thank you to everyone who has shared news stories!

  1. MONAHAN D. Residents sewing cloth masks for those in need – Sentinel and Enterprise. Sentinel and Enterprise. Published April 29, 220AD. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.sentinelandenterprise.com/2020/04/29/residents-sewing-cloth-masks-for-those-in-need/
  2. Peck E. COVID-19 Is A Rolling Disaster For Working Mothers. HuffPost. Published 36:02 400AD. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/coronavirus-working-mothers-census-child-care_n_5f3d1376c5b6835236047b8b
  3. Peck E. The Economic Devastation Of COVID-19 Is Hitting Women Particularly Hard. HuffPost. Published 51:52 400AD. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/women-coronavirus-lost-jobs_n_5e90a363c5b685fbc7d4a557
  4. Gose P. Deathly Waters and Hungry Mountains: Agrarian Ritual and Class Formation in an Andean Town. University of Toronto Press; 1994.
  5. Cha Y. Reinforcing Separate Spheres: The Effect of Spousal Overwork on Men’s and Women’s Employment in Dual-Earner Households. Am Sociol Rev. 2010;75(2):303-329. doi:10.1177/0003122410365307
  6. Tamboukou M. The Paradox of Being a Woman Teacher. Gender and Education. 2010;12(4):463-478. doi:10.1080/09540250020004108
  7. Andrea Hsu. NPR Articles. Houston Public Media. Published April 17, 2015. Accessed October 21, 2020. https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/npr-articles/
  8. PASSEL J, COHN D, Inquiries D 20036USA202-419-4300 | M-857-8562 | F-419-4372 | M. Occupations of unauthorized immigrant workers. Pew Research Center’s Hispanic Trends Project. Published November 3, 2016. Accessed May 1, 2020. https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2016/11/03/occupations-of-unauthorized-immigrant-workers/
  9. Fighting for Facts and Family: What Will We Tell Our Kids? Union of Concerned Scientists. Published October 19, 2018. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://blog.ucsusa.org/gretchen-goldman/fighting-for-facts-and-family-what-will-we-tell-our-kids
  10. Boca DD, Oggero N, Profeta P, Rossi M. Women’s Work, Housework and Childcare, Before and During COVID-19. Social Science Research Network; 2020. Accessed August 4, 2020. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3644817
  11. Falk-Krzesinski HJ. Gender and COVID-19 | Mendeley. Mendeley. Published 2020. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://www.mendeley.com/community/gender-and-covid-19/
  12. Pham. “How to Make a Mask”: Quarantine Feminism and Global Supply Chains. Feminist Studies. 2020;46(2):316. doi:10.15767/feministstudies.46.2.0316
  13. Prados M, Zamarro G. Gender Differences in Couples’ Division of Childcare, Work and Mental Health During COVID-19. SSRN Journal. Published online 2020. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3667803
  14. Refsing NS. Media, remember gender in your COVID-19 coverage | International Media Support. International Media Support (IMS). Published online 2020:undefined-undefined.
  15. Petersen S. Perspective | Moms will inevitably shoulder extra domestic work during this pandemic. Here’s how their partners can help. Washington Post. Published 07 2020. Accessed May 5, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2020/04/07/how-care-your-partner-whos-caring-your-kids-right-now/
  16. Westervelt A. Moms, Here’s What All Your Pandemic-Related Invisible Labor Is Actually Worth. HuffPost. Published 0815:08:47 -0400 2020. Accessed May 8, 2020. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mothers-day-invisible-labor-pandemic_n_5eb439e2c5b6526942a39b05
  17. Barberio J. This Comic Perfectly Explains the Mental Load Working Mothers Bear | Working Mother. Working Mother. Published 2018 2020. Accessed May 4, 2020. https://www.workingmother.com/this-comic-perfectly-explains-mental-load-working-mothers-bear
  18. Ryan S. Edmonton women raise nearly $20,000 for charity by sewing masks during COVID-19 pandemic. Global News. Published 006 2020. Accessed June 23, 2020. https://globalnews.ca/news/7071828/coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic-edmonton-women-mask-charity/
  19. Landivar LC, Ruppanner L, Scarborough WJ, Collins C. Early Signs Indicate That COVID-19 Is Exacerbating Gender Inequality in the Labor Force. Socius. 2020;6:237802312094799. doi:10.1177/2378023120947997
  20. Wenham C, Smith J, Morgan R. COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak. The Lancet. 2020;395(10227):846-848. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30526-2
  21. Hale K. The Economic Impact Of COVID-19 Will Hit Minorities The Hardest. Forbes. Published March 17, 2020. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/korihale/2020/03/17/the-economic-impact-of-covid-19-will-hit-minorities-the-hardest/
  22. AFP. Thousands of Czech women join forces to sew face masks. Published March 18, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://fashionunited.uk/news/fashion/thousands-of-czech-women-join-forces-to-sew-face-masks/2020031848048
  23. Eligon J, Bowles N. They Clean the Buildings Workers Are Fleeing. But Who’s Protecting Them? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/18/us/coronavirus-janitors-cleaners.html. Published March 18, 2020. Accessed May 1, 2020.
  24. NATIONAL WOMEN’S LAW CENTER. What Do Women and Working Families Need to Face COVID-19? – Ms. Magazine. Ms. Published March 18, 2020. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://msmagazine.com/2020/03/18/what-do-women-and-working-families-need-to-face-covid-19/
  25. Donner F, Purtill C. Figuring Out Work and Family in the Age of Coronavirus. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/19/us/work-from-home-mothers-coronavirus-covid19.html. Published March 19, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2021.
  26. Lewis H. The Coronavirus Is a Disaster for Feminism. The Atlantic. Published March 19, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2020/03/feminism-womens-rights-coronavirus-covid19/608302/
  27. Bennett J. ‘I Feel Like I Have Five Jobs’: Moms Navigate the Pandemic. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/20/parenting/childcare-coronavirus-moms.html. Published March 20, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020.
  28. Loaeza A. Local woman sews dozens of homemade face masks to donate to nurses and hospitals. KEPR. Published March 20, 2020. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://keprtv.com/news/local/local-woman-sews-dozens-of-homemade-face-masks-to-donate-to-nurses-and-hospitals
  29. WHITE B. We Spoke With Black Mothers About How COVID-19 Is Affecting Their Families. Essence. Published March 20, 2020. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://www.essence.com/lifestyle/parenting/black-mothers-covid-19/
  30. Serie K. Clarksville woman sets goal to make 10,000 masks for local healthcare workers. WZTV. Published March 22, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://fox17.com/news/local/clarksville-woman-sets-goal-to-make-10000-masks-for-local-healthcare-workers
  31. Sewing face masks goes viral in Europe. France 24. Published March 22, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.france24.com/en/20200322-sewing-face-masks-goes-viral-in-europe
  32. Bodnar M. Central Maine women sewing face masks to help fight coronavirus. WGME. Published March 23, 2020. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://wgme.com/news/coronavirus/central-maine-women-sewing-face-masks-to-help-fight-coronavirus
  33. Mason D. When the Country Sneezes, Black Women Catch the Flu. What Happens With COVID-19 in the United States? Rewire.News. Published March 23, 2020. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://rewire.news/article/2020/03/23/when-the-country-sneezes-black-women-catch-the-flu-what-happens-with-covid-19-in-the-united-states/
  34. Donate Material To Waldwick Women Sewing Face Masks For Healthcare Workers. Northern Highlands Daily Voice. Published March 23, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://dailyvoice.com/new-jersey/northernhighlands/news/donate-material-to-waldwick-women-sewing-face-masks-for-healthcare-workers/785476/
  35. Cynthia Enloe. Women peace and security in the time of corona. LSE Women, Peace and Security blog. Published March 25, 2020. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/wps/2020/03/25/women-peace-and-security-in-the-time-of-corona/
  36. Enrich D, Abrams R, Kurutz S. A Sewing Army, Making Masks for America. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/business/coronavirus-masks-sewers.html. Published March 25, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2021.
  37. Johnson S, Frazier C. Black Women On The Front Lines Of The Coronavirus. MadameNoire. Published March 25, 2020. Accessed December 1, 2020. https://madamenoire.com/1141763/black-women-on-the-front-lines-of-the-coronavirus/
  38. Summit Women Coordinate Facemask Sewing Effort Amid Coronavirus. Summit, NJ Patch. Published March 25, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://patch.com/new-jersey/summit/summit-women-coordinate-facemask-sewing-effort-amid-coronavirus
  39. Youngstown woman with a knack for sewing making masks for those in need. WKBN.com. Published March 25, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.wkbn.com/news/coronavirus/youngstown-woman-with-a-knack-for-sewing-making-masks-for-those-in-need/
  40. Lee Skallerup B. Affective Labor: The Need for, and Cost of, Workplace Equanimity. Educause review. Published March 26, 2020. Accessed May 4, 2020. https://er.educause.edu/blogs/2020/3/affective-labor-the-need-for-and-cost-of-workplace-equanimity
  41. Media, remember gender in your COVID-19 coverage. International Media Support. Published March 26, 2020. Accessed May 5, 2020. https://www.mediasupport.org/news/media-remember-gender-in-your-covid-19-coverage/
  42. Ciccarone A. Coronavirus News: Long Island quilters come together to sew many masks as possible to donate. ABC7 New York. Published March 27, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://abc7ny.com/6055389/
  43. Terry S. Area women sewing face masks to help fight coronavirus. Star Beacon. Published March 27, 2020. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://www.starbeacon.com/news/coronavirus/area-women-sewing-face-masks-to-help-fight-coronavirus/article_5f31f082-a13f-5be2-87b9-c2831a88d020.html
  44. The Gendered Impact of COVID-19 – World. ReliefWeb. Published March 27, 2020. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/gendered-impact-covid-19
  45. O’Toole F. Subscriber Only: Fintan O’Toole: We are learning how much we rely on low-paid workers. The Irish Times. Published March 28, 2020. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/fintan-o-toole-we-are-learning-how-much-we-rely-on-low-paid-workers-1.4212082
  46. FLYNN A. Op-ed: The “All-Consuming” Emotional Labor Caused by Coronavirus—and Shouldered by Women – Ms. Magazine. Ms. Published March 31, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://msmagazine.com/2020/03/31/op-ed-the-all-consuming-emotional-labor-caused-by-coronavirus-and-disproportionately-shouldered-by-women/
  47. Alon TM, Doepke M, Olmstead-Rumsey J, Tertilt M. The Impact of COVID-19 on Gender Equality. National Bureau of Economic Research; 2020. doi:10.3386/w26947
  48. Hall KS, Samari G, Garbers S, et al. Centring sexual and reproductive health and justice in the global COVID-19 response. The Lancet. 2020;395(10231):1175-1177. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30801-1
  49. Mantovani A, Dalbeni A, Beatrice G. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): we don’t leave women alone. Int J Public Health. 2020;65(3):235-236. doi:10.1007/s00038-020-01369-4
  50. Durant I, Hamilton PC. unctad.org | COVID-19 requires gender-equal responses to save economies. United nations conference on trade and development. Published April 1, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2319
  51. Gausman J, Langer A. Sex and Gender Disparities in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Women’s Health. 2020;29(4):465-466. doi:10.1089/jwh.2020.8472
  52. TREJO N. Latina fashion designer Johana Hernandez is making face masks. HOLA! USA. Published April 2, 2020. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://us.hola.com/lifestyle/20200402fm51ud29he/latina-fashion-designer-johana-hernandez-face-masks-coronavirus
  53. Baumann M. NMSU sociologist: COVID-19 pandemic may erode gains of women’s movement. Las Cruces Sun-News. Published April 3, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.lcsun-news.com/story/news/local/community/2020/04/03/nmsu-sociologist-covid-19-pandemic-may-erode-gains-womens-movement/2946739001/
  54. OSUNA V. Local women make face masks for ECRMC. Imperial Valley Press Online. Published April 3, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.ivpressonline.com/featured/local-women-make-face-masks-for-ecrmc/article_102fca38-7566-11ea-96d6-6b992c23884f.html
  55. Pahr K. During Social-Distancing, Many Moms Shoulder More Parenting Duties Than Dads—Even When Working Fulltime. Parents. Published April 3, 2020. Accessed May 19, 2020. https://www.parents.com/news/for-many-moms-the-mental-load-is-worse-than-ever/
  56. UIC-Shakespeare Theater partnership supplies 5,000 masks to UI Health, leads to work for many | UIC Today. uic today. Published April 3, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://today.uic.edu/uic-shakespeare-theater-partnership-supplies-5000-masks-to-ui-health-leads-to-work-for-many
  57. Isidore C. Early coronavirus job losses hitting minorities, women, teens particularly hard. CNN. Published April 4, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/04/economy/minority-job-losses-coronavirus/index.html
  58. Thomas R. Women shoulder most of the extra work because of COVID-19. news.trust.org. Published April 4, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://news.trust.org/item/20200401143748-fu71v/
  59. Cahn N. Women And The Frontlines Of COVID-19. Forbes. Published April 5, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/naomicahn/2020/04/05/women-and-the-frontlines-of–covid-19/
  60. Local woman on a mission to make face masks. WTAE. Published April 5, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.wtae.com/article/local-woman-on-a-mission-to-make-face-masks/32045648
  61. Berkel JV. On front lines, women feel COVID-19’s sting. Star Tribune. Published April 6, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.startribune.com/on-front-lines-women-feel-covid-19-s-sting/569409172/
  62. Hamel L, Salganicoff A. Is There a Widening Gender Gap in Coronavirus Stress? The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Published April 6, 2020. Accessed May 1, 2020. https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-policy-watch/is-there-widening-gender-gap-in-coronavirus-stress/
  63. Mandell H. In Times Of War (And Coronavirus) We’ve Always Relied On Women To Sew. Cognoscenti. Published April 6, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.wbur.org/cognoscenti/2020/04/06/sewing-homemade-masks-hinda-mandell
  64. Mlambo-Ngcuka P. Violence against women and girls: the shadow pandemic. UN Women. Published April 6, 2020. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2020/4/statement-ed-phumzile-violence-against-women-during-pandemic
  65. Under-25s and women “finances hit worst by virus.” BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52176666. Published April 6, 2020. Accessed July 15, 2020.
  66. Girardi L. Aurora women work to make masks for health care workers, senior citizens. Chicago Tribune. Published April 7, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/aurora-beacon-news/ct-abn-aurora-making-masks-st-0408-20200407-agxj6lucpjgwnc7barrjqi2iyy-story.html
  67. WOLFE A. Coronavirus is a “gendered crisis” in Mississippi as the pandemic rocks woman-dominated professions. Mississippi Today. Published April 7, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://mississippitoday.org/2020/04/07/coronavirus-is-a-gendered-crisis-in-mississippi-as-the-pandemic-rocks-woman-dominated-professions/
  68. Fenson Z. Women’s invisible labor is keeping America going. The Week. Published April 8, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://theweek.com/articles/907054/womens-invisible-labor-keeping-america-going
  69. HORSLEY S. Women Are Losing More Jobs In Coronavirus Shutdowns. NPR.org. Published April 8, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.npr.org/2020/04/08/829141182/women-are-losing-more-jobs-in-coronavirus-shutdowns
  70. Perrett C. Nearly 60% of people who have lost their jobs due to the coronavirus pandemic are women, according to report. Business Insider. Published April 8, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-unemployment-women-60-percent-2020-4
  71. Iris Jastram. Librarian by day and seamstress by night: cloth face masks during a pandemic. Pegasus Librarian. Published April 9, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://pegasuslibrarian.com/2020/04/librarian-by-day-and-seamstress-by-night-cloth-face-masks-during-a-pandemic.html
  72. Kim W. Why Women Are Being Disproportionately Impacted By Coronavirus Job Losses. Refinery 29. Published April 9, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/04/9674125/women-losing-jobs-more-than-men-coronavirus
  73. O’Sullivan J. Initiative sees women sewing masks for those in DP. Published online April 9, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.rte.ie/news/2020/0409/1129645-direct-provision-virus-masks/
  74. TREJO N. Latina-owned brands making face masks to protect spread of COVID-19. HOLA! USA. https://us.hola.com/lifestyle/gallery/20200410fmcskbpjg6/latina-owned-brands-face-masks-coronavirus/1. Published April 9, 2020. Accessed May 6, 2020.
  75. Williamson E. In Ohio, the Amish Take On the Coronavirus. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/us/politics/amish-coronavirus-ohio.html. Published April 9, 2020. Accessed May 28, 2020.
  76. Femicide Does Not Respect the Quarantine: The Fifteenth Newsletter (2020). [:en]THE TRICONTINENTAL[:es]TRICONTINENTAL[:]. Published April 9, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020. https://www.thetricontinental.org/newsletterissue/15-2020-coronavirus-femicide/
  77. Brown EC. Black Women Have Long Faced Racism in Healthcare. COVID-19 Is Only Amplifying It. The Appeal. Published April 10, 2020. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://theappeal.org/black-women-coronavirus-healthcare/
  78. The coronavirus is a financial crisis for women. Lean In. Published April 10, 2020. Accessed May 1, 2020. https://leanin.org/article/the-coronavirus-is-a-financial-crisis-for-women
  79. Women This Week: The Gendered Effects of COVID-19. Council on Foreign Relations. Published April 10, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-week-gendered-effects-covid-19
  80. Villarreal A. Coronavirus pandemic exacerbates inequalities for women, UN warns. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/11/un-coronavirus-pandemic-gender-inequalities-women. Published April 11, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020.
  81. Lee BDSW, April 12 2020. VIDEO: Mililani woman shows you how to sew your own fabric face mask. Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Published April 12, 2020. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://www.staradvertiser.com/2020/04/12/features/mililani-woman-shows-you-how-to-sew-your-own-fabric-face-mask/
  82. Radow A. Houston woman making custom face masks from bulk fabric she has accumulated over the years. KPRC. Published April 13, 2020. Accessed May 4, 2020. https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2020/04/12/houston-woman-making-custom-face-masks-from-bulk-fabric-she-has-accumulated-over-the-years/
  83. Covert B. ‘The Reality Is, It’s Incredibly Hard.’ The Atlantic. Published April 14, 2020. Accessed May 5, 2020. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/04/women-fighting-covid-19-are-underpaid-and-overworked/609934/
  84. WEISS-WOLF J, MORRISON J. COVID-19 Policy Takes Steps to Advance Gender Equity—But These Are Only a Start – Ms. Magazine. Ms. Published April 15, 2020. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://msmagazine.com/2020/04/15/covid-19-policy-takes-steps-to-advance-gender-equity-but-these-are-only-a-start/
  85. Werber C. The Covid-19 recession will hurt women more, but it might nudge them toward equality. Quartz at Work. Published April 15, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://qz.com/work/1835659/how-the-covid-19-recession-could-help-womens-equality/
  86. BLAUSTEIN SM. Protect Women on the Front Lines of COVID – Ms. Magazine. Ms. Published April 16, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://msmagazine.com/2020/04/16/protect-women-on-the-front-lines-of-covid/
  87. Clark C. The Women Behind The Masks. Daily Post. Published April 16, 2020. Accessed May 4, 2020. https://ladailypost.com/the-women-behind-the-masks/
  88. SCHLOSSER K. Face it, these mask-making efforts during the COVID-19 crisis reveal who we really are. GeekWire. Published April 16, 2020. Accessed May 12, 2020. https://www.geekwire.com/2020/face-mask-making-efforts-covid-19-crisis-reveal-really/
  89. Hernandez AV. 40th Ward Sewing Guard Already Gave 134 Masks To Retail Employees. Here’s How You Can Help Them Make More – Block Club Chicago. Block Club Chicago. Published April 17, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://blockclubchicago.org/2020/04/17/40th-ward-sewing-guard-donates-134-masks-to-retail-employees-more-masks-are-still-needed-heres-how-to-get-involved/?mc_cid=4251390cdc&mc_eid=fc92526867&fbclid=IwAR3Acu0S4NaCN5CweN7INN7WAGRaTrwEWH_9xmI20SYjc6MNOpj8K-qilSg
  90. Minello A. The pandemic and the female academic. Nature. Published online April 17, 2020. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-01135-9
  91. Schnall M. Putting A Gender Lens On COVID-19: Thought Leaders Weigh In. Forbes. Published April 17, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/marianneschnall/2020/04/17/putting-a-gender-lens-on-covid-19-thought-leaders-weigh-in/
  92. Wiest B. Women At The Frontlines Of COVID-19 Might Be Starting The Gender Role Reversal Of The Century. Forbes. Published April 17, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/briannawiest/2020/04/17/women-at-the-frontlines-of-covid-19-might-be-starting-the-gender-role-reversal-of-the-century/
  93. “To India our lives are worth less than $1.” BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52279025. Published April 17, 2020. Accessed May 1, 2020.
  94. Robertson C, Gebeloff R. How Millions of Women Became the Most Essential Workers in America. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/18/us/coronavirus-women-essential-workers.html. Published April 18, 2020. Accessed May 4, 2020.
  95. Robertson C, Gebeloff R. How Millions of Women Became the Most Essential Workers in America – The New York Times. The NewYork Times. Published April 18, 2020. Accessed May 6, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/18/us/coronavirus-women-essential-workers.html
  96. Staff CL. This Lady’s Hilarious Face Mask Tutorial Will Bring a Smile to Your Face. Country Living. Published April 18, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.countryliving.com/life/a32196101/funny-face-mask-tutorial/
  97. Todd S. We’re all living in “The Yellow Wallpaper” now. Quartz. Published April 18, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020. https://qz.com/1839758/covid-19-creates-domestic-constraints-that-women-have-long-endured/
  98. Anderson C. Why Do Women Make Such Good Leaders During COVID-19? Forbes. Published April 19, 2020. Accessed May 4, 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/camianderson1/2020/04/19/why-do-women-make-such-good-leaders-during-covid-19/
  99. Jaxtheimer S. Johnstown women put sewing skills to the test, make masks for people in their community. WJAC. Published April 19, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://wjactv.com/news/local/johnstown-women-put-sewing-skills-to-the-test-make-masks-for-people-in-their-community
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  1090. “Our part to bring people together” | Group creates quilt made of masks to send to Washington, D.C. wcnc.com. Accessed November 30, 2020. https://www.wcnc.com/article/features/producers-picks/quilts-masks-nationwide-covid-community/275-1b18902e-77b7-4589-a32b-78a58ab53f04
  1091. P&G and YWCA partner to help women most impacted by coronavirus pandemic. Cincinnati Business Courier. Accessed October 8, 2020. https://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/news/2020/10/05/pg-aims-to-help-women-impacted-by-covid.html
  1092. Pandemic culls women from workforce in a “she-cession.” Kansas City Business Journal. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/news/2020/11/09/pandemic-women-in-workforce-declines.html
  1093. Pandemic disproportionately affects scientists with young children. Accessed September 2, 2020. https://phys.org/news/2020-07-pandemic-disproportionately-affects-scientists-young.html
  1094. Pandemic Forces More Women To Leave The Workforce. NPR.org. Accessed October 21, 2020. https://www.npr.org/2020/10/16/924648105/pandemic-forces-more-women-to-leave-the-workforce
  1095. Pandemic Has Had Significant Impact for Women in the Workplace, Says New Data. NBC Connecticut. Accessed October 21, 2020. https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/pandemic-has-had-significant-impact-for-women-in-the-workplace-says-new-data/2343183/
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  1097. Pandemic taking toll on mothers and their children. Research Impact. Accessed October 15, 2020. https://research.impact.iu.edu/coronavirus/impact-on-mothers-children.html
  1098. Parents struggle with balancing work and back-to-school plans.https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/careers/article-parents-struggle-with-balancing-work-and-back-to-school-plans/. Accessed October 3, 2020.
  1099. Pennsylvania organizations distributing $175,000 in Covid-19 grants to women-owned restaurants. Philadelphia Business Journal. Accessed September 22, 2020. https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2020/09/22/grants-pennsylvania-women-owned-restaurants.html
  1100. Perspective | The pandemic is tragic. It’s also an incredible chance to study human behavior. Washington Post. Accessed September 10, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/09/10/coronavirus-research-experiment-behavior/
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  1102. Productivity in a pandemic | Science. Accessed September 2, 2020. https://science-sciencemag-org.proxy.cc.uic.edu/content/369/6504/603
  1103. Project Puts North Texas Refugees to Work Making Masks. NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth. Accessed August 24, 2020. https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/coronavirus/project-puts-north-texas-refugees-to-work-making-masks/2429687/
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  1105. Proving Childcare for Remote Work | Inside Higher Ed. Accessed September 1, 2020. https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2020/08/13/proving-childcare-remote-work
  1106. Report From Katie Porter Shows 1 In 5 Women Have Left Workforce Since Pandemic | HuffPost. Accessed December 8, 2020. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/katie-porter-report-women-coronavirus-jobs_n_5fcffd5ac5b68256b1104e4f
  1107. Report: 1 in 4 women consider leaving the workforce amid the coronavirus, COVID-19 pandemic. newscentermaine.com. Accessed October 8, 2020. https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/news/local/as-seen-on-tv/report-1-in-4-women-consider-leaving-the-workforce-amid-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic/97-38bd58aa-5345-424e-b416-c20af4b935c8
  1108. Retired women ‘give back’ by sewing cloth masks for Sacramento’s health care workers. The Sacramento Bee. https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article242558891.html. Accessed January 18, 2021.
  1109. Richmond woman shares pattern to help others make face masks at home. Richmond News. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.richmond-news.com/local-news/richmond-woman-shares-pattern-to-help-others-make-face-masks-at-home-3120768
  1110. Sewing masks to help community; and the world. newscentermaine.com. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/news/local/207/207-interview/sewing-masks-to-help-community-and-the-world/97-38a5cb6f-1f6a-4d2f-85e6-dcb1bc6c84f1
  1111. She got laid off, then started a mask-sewing movement. Boston Business Journal. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2020/03/25/she-got-laid-off-then-started-a-mask-sewing.html
  1112. “Shecession”: The Pandemic’s Impact On Women In The Workforce. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2020/10/22/shecession-the-pandemics-impact-on-women-in-the-workplace
  1113. Sheryl Sandberg: Companies Need To “Lean In” As Pandemic Threatens Women’s Progress. NPR.org. Accessed October 2, 2020. https://www.npr.org/2020/10/01/919228757/sheryl-sandberg-companies-need-to-lean-in-as-pandemic-threatens-women-s-progress
  1114. Sheryl Sandberg: Women are treated unequally. Covid-19 is making it worse – CNN Video. Accessed May 13, 2020. https://www.cnn.com/videos/business/2020/05/07/sheryl-sandberg-working-mother-covid-19-orig.cnn-business
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  1118. Somali sewing group creates masks for local hospitals. kare11.com. Accessed October 21, 2020. https://www.kare11.com/article/news/local/kare11-sunrise/mask-somali-covid/89-217bb694-c22c-4c92-be8d-d1d116b56664
  1119. Some COVID-19 Solutions for Women Proposed by Melinda Gates. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.govtech.com/em/safety/Some-COVID-19-Solutions-for-Women-Proposed-by-Melinda-Gates-.html
  1120. Spiraling: Part 1 | Inside Higher Ed. Accessed January 15, 2021. https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/university-venus/spiraling-part-1
  1121. Stuck-At-Home Moms: The Pandemic’s Devastating Toll On Women. NPR.org. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://www.npr.org/2020/10/28/928253674/stuck-at-home-moms-the-pandemics-devastating-toll-on-women
  1122. Study: Hispanic Women Hit Hardest by Pandemic-Driven Job Losses. Accessed August 24, 2020. https://www.baynews9.com/fl/tampa/news/2020/08/11/study–hispanic-women-hit-hardest-by-pandemic-driven-job-losses-
  1123. Sutton Foster on Parenting amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: “Some Days You’re Gonna Suck.” PEOPLE.com. Accessed October 8, 2020. https://people.com/parents/sutton-foster-parenting-during-coronavirus-pandemic-daughter-emily/
  1124. The 6 best pieces of advice for women working during COVID-19. Ladders | Business News & Career Advice. Accessed November 30, 2020. https://www.theladders.com/career-advice/the-6-best-pieces-of-advice-for-women-working-during-covid-19
  1125. The American Government Once Offered Widely Affordable Child Care … 77 Years Ago. NPR.org. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.npr.org/2020/10/31/927267330/the-american-government-once-offered-widely-affordable-child-care-77-years-ago
  1126. The big factor holding back the U.S. economic recovery: No childcare – The Washington Post. Accessed December 1, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/07/03/big-factor-holding-back-us-economic-recovery-child-care/
  1127. The Coronavirus Disproportionally Putting Women Out of Work. Accessed October 21, 2020. https://www.govtech.com/em/safety/-The-Coronavirus-is-Disproportionally-Putting-Women-out-of-Work.html
  1128. The Coronavirus Is Pushing Women Out Of Work And Away From Trump. BuzzFeed News. Accessed November 19, 2020. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/mollyhensleyclancy/coronavirus-wisconsin-election-trump-women
  1129. The coronavirus pandemic has affected women journalists disproportionately. Nieman Lab. Accessed August 24, 2020. https://www.niemanlab.org/2020/07/the-coronavirus-pandemic-has-affected-women-journalists-disproportionately/
  1130. The decline of women’s research production during the coronavirus pandemic. Accessed September 2, 2020. https://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/decline-women-scientist-research-publishing-production-coronavirus-pandemic
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  1132. The Economy Is Driving Women Out Of The Workforce And Some May Not Return : Consider This from NPR. NPR.org. Accessed October 19, 2020. https://www.npr.org/2020/10/16/924618547/the-economy-is-driving-women-out-of-the-workforce-and-some-may-not-return
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  1134. The Mask Makers. Accessed August 24, 2020. https://putnamsentinel.com/MobileContent/Default/Homepage-Rotator/Article/The-Mask-Makers/-3/523/30743
  1135. The pandemic and the female academic. Accessed November 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200528202237/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01135-9?error=cookies_not_supported&code=b088f2c7-c8e1-4f23-bd41-14997198270a
  1136. The pandemic has been harmful to working women. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://news.miami.edu/stories/2020/11/the-pandemic-has-been-harmful-to-working-women.html
  1137. The Pandemic Is Weighing Heavily On Working Mothers. Accessed August 24, 2020. https://www.wbur.org/radioboston/2020/08/19/working-mothers-pandemic-balence
  1138. The Rules of the Game. Accessed September 15, 2020. https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-rules-of-the-game
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  1140. The Struggle Is Real: Working Black Mothers, Childcare And COVID-19. Essence. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.essence.com/articles/working-black-mothers-childcare-covid-19/
  1141. The U.S. economy lost 140,000 jobs in December. All were lost by women. Fortune. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2021/01/08/covid-job-losses-women-december-us-unemployment-rate/
  1142. These charts show the jobs recovery is far from complete. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://www.erienewsnow.com/story/42889269/these-charts-show-the-jobs-recovery-is-far-from-complete
  1143. These Women Built Careers In Retail. The COVID-19 Crisis Tore Through Their Stores. NPR.org. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.npr.org/2020/11/05/930285956/these-women-built-careers-in-retail-the-pandemic-tore-through-their-stores
  1144. This calculator shows the “grim math” of how much leaving the workforce during COVID will cost you. Fortune. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2021/01/04/covid-economy-leaving-workforce-cost-calculator-childcare-women-us-coronavirus/
  1145. This female-founded face mask brand had a wait-list of more than 40,000 customers. Fortune. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2021/01/17/covid-celebrity-face-mask-brand-evolvetogether/
  1146. This is how COVID-19 is worsening the gender gap, according the IMF. World Economic Forum. Accessed September 2, 2020. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/07/covid-19-gender-gap-economic-change-gender-parity-equality-coronavirus/
  1147. “This Is Too Much”: Working Moms Are Reaching The Breaking Point During The Pandemic. NPR.org. Accessed October 21, 2020. https://www.npr.org/2020/09/29/918127776/this-is-too-much-working-moms-are-reaching-the-breaking-point-during-the-pandemi
  1148. This woman is making masks more accessible for people with hearing loss. World Economic Forum. Accessed September 22, 2020. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/09/face-masks-hearing-loss-disability/
  1149. Tipped Service Workers Are More Vulnerable Amid Pandemic Harassment Spike: Study. NPR.org. Accessed December 8, 2020. https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/12/06/943559848/tipped-service-workers-are-more-vulnerable-amid-pandemic-harassment-spike-study
  1150. To the 865,000 women who left the workforce last month …. NBC News. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://www.nbcnews.com/know-your-value/feature/865-000-women-who-left-workforce-last-month-ncna1243558
  1151. Tressie McMillan Cottom on Twitter. Twitter. Accessed October 13, 2020. https://twitter.com/tressiemcphd/status/1316110181055574016
  1152. Twice the work and half the support: COVID-19 and single working mothers. OpenGlobalRights. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.openglobalrights.org/covid-19-and-single-working-mothers/
  1153. U.S. labor shock from pandemic hit women of color hardest; will it persist? NBC News. Accessed October 21, 2020. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/u-s-labor-shock-pandemic-hit-women-color-hardest-will-n1242123
  1154. Volunteers sew masks for health workers facing shortages – ABC News. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/volunteers-sew-masks-health-workers-facing-shortages-69764445
  1155. Webcam Sex Work Is a Lifeline for Women Who Lost Their Jobs During COVID. Accessed September 22, 2020. https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/889p73/webcam-sex-work-is-a-lifeline-for-women-who-lost-their-jobs-during-covid
  1156. Who is this economy hurting the most? Moms and women of color, according to women’s research CEO. CNN. Accessed September 22, 2020. https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/19/business/gupta-coronavirus-podcast-women-of-color-mothers-economy/index.html
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  1160. Why COVID-19 Is Prompting a Mass Exodus of Women in the Workforce. WTTW News. Accessed November 19, 2020. https://news.wttw.com/2020/11/16/why-covid-19-prompting-mass-exodus-women-workforce
  1161. Why the COVID-19 Economy is Disproportionately Bad for Women. Time. Accessed October 21, 2020. https://time.com/5900583/women-workforce-economy-covid/
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  1163. Will women in the workforce recover in 2021? 6 experts weigh in. Fortune. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2020/12/28/covid-working-women-in-the-workforce-recovery-us-economy-times-up-lean-in/
  1164. Woman known as ‘mask lady’ raises $10,000 for RI food pantry by making face coverings. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://whdh.com/news/woman-known-as-mask-lady-raises-10000-for-ri-food-pantry-by-making-face-coverings/
  1165. Women academics worry the pandemic is squeezing their research productivity. University Affairs. Accessed September 2, 2020. https://www.universityaffairs.ca/news/news-article/women-academics-worry-the-pandemic-is-squeezing-their-research-productivity/
  1166. Women and Girls Should Not Pay the Bill of the Pandemic. Common Dreams. Accessed August 24, 2020. https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/08/19/women-and-girls-should-not-pay-bill-pandemic
  1167. Women and people of color more likely to be forced into early retirement by coronavirus. Accessed August 24, 2020. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-is-forcing-many-women-and-non-white-workers-to-retire/
  1168. Women Are Deciding Not to Have Babies Because of the Pandemic. Time. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://time.com/5892749/covid-19-baby-bust/
  1169. Women Are Losing More Jobs In Coronavirus Shutdowns. NPR.org. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://www.npr.org/2020/04/08/829141182/women-are-losing-more-jobs-in-coronavirus-shutdowns
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  1173. Women bear disproportionate share of Covid-19 burden, U.N. official warns. NBC News. Accessed September 22, 2020. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/covid-19-women-girls-bear-unequal-share-pandemic-burden-u-n1240681
  1174. Women Bear The Brunt Of Coronavirus Job Losses. NPR.org. Accessed November 11, 2020. https://www.npr.org/2020/05/09/853073274/women-bear-the-brunt-of-coronavirus-job-losses
  1175. Women can lead the way in a post-coronavirus “she-covery.” ArabianBusiness.com. Accessed November 19, 2020. https://www.arabianbusiness.com/politics-economics/454849-women-can-lead-the-way-in-post-coronavirus-she-covery
  1176. Women disproportionately impacted by Covid-19 – leading macroeconomic influencers. Accessed November 30, 2020. https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/features/women-disproportionately-impacted-covid/
  1177. Women executives say the pandemic is exacerbating gender bias. Fortune. Accessed October 21, 2020. https://fortune.com/2020/10/10/women-executives-gender-bias-in-business-mpw/
  1178. Women have been marginalised in Covid-19 media coverage. Accessed November 2, 2020. https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/women-have-been-marginalised-in-covid-19-media-coverage?utm_campaign=Invisible%20Women&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter
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  1180. Women in the pandemic face pressures of job loss, virtual school and being primary caregivers. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Accessed August 24, 2020. https://www.post-gazette.com/business/career-workplace/2020/08/17/Women-COVID-19-pressures-jobs-virtual-school-caregivers/stories/202008160021
  1181. Women Inspired by Gandhi ji’s Self-reliance Pick up “sui dhaga” to Make Khadi Masks to Combat COVID, says Environmentalist ArushiNishank. Accessed August 24, 2020. https://in.news.yahoo.com/women-inspired-gandhi-jis-self-090806610.html
  1182. Women of colour are worst affected by the U.S. COVID-19 labour shock. World Economic Forum. Accessed October 8, 2020. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/10/united-states-female-employment-covid19/
  1183. Women physicians underrepresented in cable news COVID-19 coverage. American Medical Association. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/physician-diversity/women-physicians-underrepresented-cable-news-covid-19
  1184. Women Were Making Historic Strides in the Workforce. Then the Pandemic Hit. Time. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://time.com/5851352/women-labor-economy-coronavirus/
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  1186. Women, workers of color filling most ‘high-hazard/low-reward’ jobs in Washington. Accessed October 8, 2020. https://www.newswise.com/coronavirus/women-workers-of-color-filling-most-high-hazardlow-reward-jobs-in-washington
  1187. Women’s communication shapes division of labor in household. Vet Candy. Published July 6. Accessed July 15, 2020. https://www.myvetcandy.com/livingblog/2020/7/6/womens-communication-shapes-division-of-labor-in-household
  1188. Women’s journal submission rates continue to fall. Accessed August 20, 2020. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/08/20/womens-journal-submission-rates-continue-fall
  1189. WOMEN’S LABOR: “Negative consequences of gender inequality have doubled for women during pandemic.” Bianet – Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi. Accessed August 24, 2020. http://www.bianet.org/english/women/229545-negative-consequences-of-gender-inequality-have-doubled-for-women-during-pandemic
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  1191. Women’s Workplace Crisis. NBC Connecticut. Accessed October 8, 2020. https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/womens-workplace-crisis/2343107/
  1192. Women’s Dreams During the Pandemic Are Worse Than Men’s. Psychology Today. Accessed October 21, 2020. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-social-thinker/202010/women-s-dreams-during-the-pandemic-are-worse-mens
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  1195. Working moms are struggling to engage at work — and it will cost the economy $341B. NBC News. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.nbcnews.com/know-your-value/feature/working-moms-are-struggling-engage-work-it-will-cost-economy-ncna1185256
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  1197. Working Mothers Still Aren’t Okay. WIHE. Accessed December 1, 2020. https://www.wihe.com/article-details/169/working-mothers-still-aren-t-okay/
  1198. Workplace Equity Often Another Casualty of the Pandemic – Survey: Women in Green Building Find Employers Supportive During COVID, But Still Face Personal & Professional Pressures. Accessed October 8, 2020. https://cooperator.com/article/survey-women-in-green-building-find-employers-supportive-during-covid-but-still-face-personal-professional-pressures
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